Journal: Journal of Extracellular Vesicles

Article Title: Targeted Delivery of GLUT1 Inhibitor via Macrophage Nanovesicles for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Therapy

doi: 10.1002/jev2.70294

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mac@WZB117 reverses macrophage polarization imbalance in lung tissues of PAH mice. (A) Flow cytometry gating strategy: after FSC/SSC selection, F4/80 + was used as a macrophage marker, with CD86 and CD206 labelling M1 and M2 phenotypes, respectively. (B) The proportion of M1 macrophages decreased significantly to 9.2% ± 1.5%, then rose to 28.7% ± 2.6% after Mac@WZB117 intervention ( p < 0.01, n = 5). (C) The proportion of F4/80 + CD206 + M2 macrophages increased to 45.3% ± 3.7% in the PAH + NS group and decreased to 20.1% ± 2.2% after Mac@WZB117 treatment ( p < 0.01). Data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance is indicated by * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: An in vitro M1 polarization model was established using the murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7 (ATCC, TIB‐71).

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Selection, Marker

Journal: Journal of Extracellular Vesicles

Article Title: Targeted Delivery of GLUT1 Inhibitor via Macrophage Nanovesicles for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Therapy

doi: 10.1002/jev2.70294

Figure Lengend Snippet: Glycolytic reactivation partially attenuates the therapeutic effects of Mac@WZB117. (A) Changes in macrophage phenotype proportions, FACS results showed an increased proportion of M2 macrophages and a decreased proportion of M1 macrophages in the rescue group, indicating reversal of macrophage polarization. (B) qPCR data showed iNOS expression was upregulated, while ARG1 and Mrc1 expression was downregulated, confirming that phenotype remodelling depends on glycolysis inhibition. (C) Haemodynamic parameters (RVSP and mPAP) were significantly elevated after rescue treatment, approaching levels observed in the PAH model. (D) Representative histological staining images and quantitative analysis showed that vascular WT% and α‐SMA‐positive area were markedly increased in the rescue group, suggesting partial reversal of pulmonary vascular structural remodelling. Data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance is indicated by * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: An in vitro M1 polarization model was established using the murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7 (ATCC, TIB‐71).

Techniques: Expressing, Inhibition, Staining

Journal: CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics

Article Title: Sestrin2 Mitigates Neuronal Ferroptosis Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage via Orchestration of the AMPK / PGC1α /Nrf2 Signaling Axis

doi: 10.1002/cns.70908

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of SESN2 on neuronal survival and oxidative stress markers in an in vitro SAH model. (A) Immunofluorescence images showing ROS production detected by DCFH‐DA staining (green) with DAPI nuclear staining (blue) and merged views across experimental groups. Scale bars = 20 μm. (B) Corresponding quantification of ROS levels in each experimental group, n = 3 per group. (C) Cell viability of HT22 cells assessed by CCK‐8 assay, n = 6 per group. (D, E) Quantitative analyses of SOD activity and MDA content, n = 6 per group. (F) Western blot analysis and quantitative analysis of SESN2 (G), GPX4 (H), SLC7A11 (I) and Nrf2 (K), n = 6 per group. (J, L) Western blot analysis and quantification of nuclear Nrf2, n = 6 per group. Data indicated as mean ± SD. ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001 vs. Sham group, ** p < 0.01 vs. Hemin group.

Article Snippet: For the in vitro SAH model, hemin (MCE, China) was dissolved in 0.1 M NaOH, and HT22 cells were exposed to complete medium containing hemin (200 μM) for 24 h to mimic SAH conditions [ ].

Techniques: In Vitro, Immunofluorescence, Staining, CCK-8 Assay, Activity Assay, Western Blot

Journal: CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics

Article Title: Sestrin2 Mitigates Neuronal Ferroptosis Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage via Orchestration of the AMPK / PGC1α /Nrf2 Signaling Axis

doi: 10.1002/cns.70908

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunofluorescence analysis of GPX4 and SLC7A11 expression in HT22 cells after SAH in vitro. (A, B) Immunofluorescence staining of GPX4 in HT22 neurons. DAPI (blue), GPX4 (red), and merged images shown across different groups with corresponding expression quantification. (C, D) Immunofluorescence staining of SLC7A11 in HT22 neurons. DAPI (blue), SLC7A11 (red), and merged images shown with quantification. (E, F) Immunofluorescence staining of Nrf2 in HT22 neurons. Data indicated as mean ± SD. n = 4 per group. ## p < 0.01 vs. Sham group, ** p < 0.01 vs. Hemin group. Scale bar = 50 μm.

Article Snippet: For the in vitro SAH model, hemin (MCE, China) was dissolved in 0.1 M NaOH, and HT22 cells were exposed to complete medium containing hemin (200 μM) for 24 h to mimic SAH conditions [ ].

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Expressing, In Vitro, Staining

Journal: Journal of Advanced Research

Article Title: Pressurized intraperitoneal cold atmospheric plasma as a novel therapeutic strategy for peritoneal metastatic carcinoma

doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2025.08.047

Figure Lengend Snippet: In Vitro Tracer Peritoneal Permeation Assay of PICAP, PIPAC and HIPEC. (A) Schematic diagram of in vitro tracer peritoneal permeation assay for PICAP, PIPAC and HIPEC. (B) Fluorescence images of carbon quantum dots penetrating peritoneal tissue, scale bar: 200 μm. (C) Statistical graphs of fluorescence images of peritoneal tissue in each group. Data are mean ± SEM. (n = 3 per group) *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 and ****p < 0.0001; Student’ s t -test.

Article Snippet: An in vitro peritoneal cavity model (carbon quantum dot tracers) and murine peritoneal metastasis models (MC38 colon cancer/ID8 ovarian cancer cells) compared permeability and efficacy among PICAP, PIPAC, and HIPEC.

Techniques: In Vitro, Fluorescence

Journal: Journal of Advanced Research

Article Title: Pressurized intraperitoneal cold atmospheric plasma as a novel therapeutic strategy for peritoneal metastatic carcinoma

doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2025.08.047

Figure Lengend Snippet: In Vivo Tracer Peritoneal Permeation Assay of PICAP, PIPAC, and Injection Groups (A-C) Representative laparoscopic images of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) distribution in four abdominal regions (A, B, C, D) of mice treated with PICAP, showing uniform fluorescence across all regions. (D-F) Images of the PIPAC group, demonstrating regional heterogeneity between zones B and C. (G-I) Images of the Injection group, exhibiting marked variability in CQDs distribution across all four regions. Mice were treated for 15 min, and peritoneal regions were evaluated for CQDs uniformity and penetration depth via laparoscopic observation. Peritoneal delivery scores (0–10 points, averaged from three independent researchers) were assigned based on fluorescence intensity and distribution homogeneity. Scale bar: 500 μm. (n = 3 per group) *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001; Student’s t -test.

Article Snippet: An in vitro peritoneal cavity model (carbon quantum dot tracers) and murine peritoneal metastasis models (MC38 colon cancer/ID8 ovarian cancer cells) compared permeability and efficacy among PICAP, PIPAC, and HIPEC.

Techniques: In Vivo, Injection, Fluorescence

Journal: Journal of Advanced Research

Article Title: Pressurized intraperitoneal cold atmospheric plasma as a novel therapeutic strategy for peritoneal metastatic carcinoma

doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2025.08.047

Figure Lengend Snippet: Time-Dependent Therapeutic Effects of PICAP on Murine Peritoneal Metastasis (A) Small animal imaging of peritoneal metastatic patterns on Day 30 post-treatment. (B) Quantitative analysis of ascites volume, tumor mass, and tumor count in mice treated with PICAP for 0, 5, 10, or 15 min. (C) Kaplan-Meier survival curves showing prolonged survival in the 15-minute PICAP group. (D) In vivo imaging depicting progressive reduction in intraperitoneal tumor burden with extended PICAP exposure. (E) Peritoneal Cancer Index (PCI) scores demonstrating a time-dependent decline. (F) Gross examination of gastrointestinal tract at necropsy, showing reduced visceral peritoneal tumor implantation without mesenteric contracture or intestinal necrosis. (G, H) Immunofluorescence staining of tumor tissues, highlighting increased apoptosis (TUNEL, Bax, Bcl2, Caspase 3, Caspase 9) in PICAP 15 min-treated groups. Scale bar = 200 μm; data are mean ± SEM. (n = 5 per group) *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 and ****p < 0.0001; one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test.

Article Snippet: An in vitro peritoneal cavity model (carbon quantum dot tracers) and murine peritoneal metastasis models (MC38 colon cancer/ID8 ovarian cancer cells) compared permeability and efficacy among PICAP, PIPAC, and HIPEC.

Techniques: Imaging, In Vivo Imaging, Tumor Implantation, Immunofluorescence, Staining, TUNEL Assay

Journal: Journal of Advanced Research

Article Title: Pressurized intraperitoneal cold atmospheric plasma as a novel therapeutic strategy for peritoneal metastatic carcinoma

doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2025.08.047

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparative Efficacy of PICAP, NC and IPPAS (A) Experimental workflow for comparative therapy evaluation. (B) Quantitative analysis of ascitic fluid volume, total tumor mass, and tumor nodule count. (C) Survival curves showing superior survival in the PICAP group. (D) Small animal imaging of intraperitoneal tumor burden. (E, F) Visceral peritoneal tumor implantation and PCI scores across groups. (G, H) Immunofluorescence staining for apoptotic markers (TUNEL, Bax, Bcl2, Caspase 3, Caspase 9), indicating enhanced apoptosis in PICAP-treated tissues. Mice were treated with equivalent temporal parameters (15 min). Scale bar = 200 μm; data are mean ± SEM. (n = 5 per group) *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 and ****p < 0.0001 vs. NC and IPPAS groups; two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc test.

Article Snippet: An in vitro peritoneal cavity model (carbon quantum dot tracers) and murine peritoneal metastasis models (MC38 colon cancer/ID8 ovarian cancer cells) compared permeability and efficacy among PICAP, PIPAC, and HIPEC.

Techniques: Imaging, Tumor Implantation, Immunofluorescence, Staining, TUNEL Assay

Journal: Journal of Advanced Research

Article Title: Pressurized intraperitoneal cold atmospheric plasma as a novel therapeutic strategy for peritoneal metastatic carcinoma

doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2025.08.047

Figure Lengend Snippet: Prophylactic Potential of PICAP Against Surgical Tumor Dissemination (A) Schematic of the murine model simulating intraoperative tumor cell inoculation and PICAP inervention. (B, C) Survival analysis and gross observation of abdominal tumors in PICAP-treated vs. control mice. (D, F) Small animal imaging and visceral peritoneal examination showing reduced tumor burden in the PICAP group. (E) PCI scores demonstrating significant suppression of peritoneal tumor implantation. (G, H) Immunofluorescence staining for apoptotic markers (TUNEL, Bax, Bcl2, Caspase 3, Caspase 9), indicating enhanced apoptosis in PICAP-treated tissues. Mice received intraperitoneal tumor cells followed by 15-minute PICAP or inert gas treatment. Scale bar = 200 μm; data are mean ± SEM. (n = 5 per group) *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 and ****p < 0.0001 vs. control; Student’s t -test.

Article Snippet: An in vitro peritoneal cavity model (carbon quantum dot tracers) and murine peritoneal metastasis models (MC38 colon cancer/ID8 ovarian cancer cells) compared permeability and efficacy among PICAP, PIPAC, and HIPEC.

Techniques: Control, Imaging, Tumor Implantation, Immunofluorescence, Staining, TUNEL Assay